The file magics for different kinds of Mach-O files are listed, amongst other places, in open source Apple code Like many files, they start with a header that contains at its very beginning four bytes of (little-Endian) file magic: The diagram below shows the structure of an example Mach-O file Their structure is in three parts: a header, load commands, and segments (which contain sections). Let’s look at that structure in more detail. This is simply done, with a wrapper around two or more Mach-O files in a single binary. This means a single binary can run on both 32 and 64-bit processors, or more topically on both ARM and Intel processors. For example, they are fat binaries, meaning they can contain implementations for multiple architectures in a single binary. Mach-O files have some differences to the other formats, and are unique in some ways.
exe) files, Unix has its Executable and Linkable Format, but in the Apple world it’s all about Mach-O files, which is the format for regular executable files, as well as libraries and other supporting file types. We also introduce a new open-source tool we’ve written for parsing interesting information from Mach-O files. This blog provides an overview of the structure of Mach-O binaries, and how they implement code signing and application permissions.
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Apple code signing has been in the news lately, with the new macOS update having initial problems, as well as adding extra steps for developers building software.Ĭode signing and application permissions on Apple devices both rely on the Mach-O format, which is used for executable files on both macOS and iOS.
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